Severe thunderstorms can be life threatening, but not all severe storms are the same.
Hazardous conditions range from tornadoes, large hail storms, and widespread straight-line winds called derechoes, to cloud-to-ground lightning and flash flooding.
The National Weather Service says the new alert will better convey the severity and potential impacts from thunderstorm winds and hail by adding a "damage threat" tag similar to Tornado and Flash Flood Warnings.
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There are now three categories of damage threat for Severe Thunderstorm Warnings, in order of highest to lowest, destructive, considerable, and base.
These tags and additional messaging are designed to promote immediate action, based on the threats.
The criteria for a destructive damage threat is at least 2.75 inch diameter (baseball-sized) hail and/or 80 mph thunderstorm winds.
Warnings with this tag will automatically activate a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) on smartphones within the warned area.
The criteria for a considerable damage threat is at least 1.75 inch diameter (golf ball-sized) hail and/or 70 mph thunderstorm winds.
This will not activate a WEA.
The criteria for a baseline or "base" severe thunderstorm warning remains unchanged, 1.00 inch (quarter-sized) hail and/or 58 mph thunderstorm winds.
This will also not activate a WEA.
When no damage threat tag is present, damage is expected to be at the base level.
On average, only 10% of all severe thunderstorms reach the destructive category each year, nationwide.
Most of these storms are damaging wind events such as derechoes and some of the larger, more intense thunderstorms called "Supercell" storms that can typically produce very large hail in their path.
The new destructive thunderstorm category conveys to the public urgent action is needed, a life-threatening event is occurring and may cause substantial damage to property.
All National Weather Service Severe Thunderstorm Warnings will continue to be issued and distributed via weather.gov, NOAA Weather Radio, Emergency Alert System and through dissemination systems to our emergency managers and partners.
The addition of damage threat tags are part of the broader Hazard Simplification Project to improve communication of watches and warnings to the public.
Thirteen of the 22 costliest weather disasters in 2020 were severe thunderstorms. The new "destructive" tag would have activated a Wireless Emergency Alert for many of these impactful events, including the costliest thunderstorm in U.S. history, the $11 billion derecho that affected Iowa in August 2020.
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