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Fifty years ago today, a powerful F4 tornado hit Union City, Oklahoma, destroying dozens of homes and taking two lives. Because of the event’s proximity to the National Severe Storms Laboratory Doppler Radar Unit at Norman, Oklahoma, it became one of the most thoroughly studied tornadoes in history and had a tremendous impact on the development of weather radar.
"We weren't expecting much that day, just storms, but not necessarily tornadoes," Don Burgess, former NSSL researcher and division chief said. "We had the facility here at NSSL ready. As storms developed less than 100 miles away, the Storm Intercept Teams were located in the vicinity of the developing tornado, we were able to get the entire life cycle of a tornado documented for the first time ever."
After the storm, research on the radar data gathered during it led to the discovery of a “TVS,” or Tornado Vortex Signature. The presence of a TVS on Doppler radar indicates strong tornadic potential in a severe thunderstorm.
According to weather.com senior digital meteorologist Jonathan Erdman, "It's hard not to overstate how important this day was. Doppler radar only existed in the research community in 1973. By studying this tornado, researchers found they could see rotation in a severe thunderstorm before it produces a tornado. That discovery eventually drove the development of the national network of Doppler radars that help NWS meteorologists issue life-saving tornado warnings today."
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